In country after country, investigations have revealed that birth certificates are forged, parental consent forms are obtained through coercion or deception and children's identities are changed to make them eligible for international adoption.
In some cases, birth families sign documents they don't fully understand. They may be told their child will receive an education and return home only to discover later that the adoption was permanent. Language barriers, illiteracy, and power imbalances make true informed consent extremely difficult to guarantee.